Particularly recommended for horse’s requiring a clear...
Grape (Vitis vinifera)
Grapes are native to southern Europe and western Asia but are cultivated in warm temperate regions throughout the world. They grow in bunches (from 6 to 300) on woody, climbing vines. These fruits come in a variety of colours, including black, blue, golden, green, red, white, and purple.

Parts used :
Seed, fruit peel
Botany
Grapes are native to southern Europe and western Asia but are cultivated in warm temperate regions throughout the world. They grow in bunches (from 6 to 300) on woody, climbing vines. These fruits come in a variety of colours, including black, blue, golden, green, red, white, and purple.
Constituents
Particularly rich in tannins (notably procyanidolic oligomers[OPC]), flavonoids (kaempferol), and stilbenes (resveratrol and viniferins) have been reported as well as certain acids including tartaric, malic and citric acids.
Possible Interactions
Herbs - None documented. Drugs - Possibly phenacetin and warfarin.
Comments
Although grape seed has been suggested for many conditions, the best evidence supports its use for its antioxidant effects, for improving cardiovascular health, for retinopathy and for swelling that occurs after surgery or after an injury. Preliminary evidence suggests OPCs may provide greater protection against reactive oxygen species than vitamin E, vitamin C or beta-carotene. OPCs are also thought to limit the proteolytic enzymes collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase and beta glucuronidase involved in cartilage and vasculature degeneration.
➥ Pharmacopoeia and Other Monographs
ESCOP 2003, German Commission